Date: | c. 1938 |
Material: | Celluloid, cardboard box |
Dimensions: | Film 35 mm × 13 m, box 3⅛ × 7⅞ in. (79 × 200 mm) |
Company: | Nippon Filmon Co., Ltd. |
Location: | Tokyo, Japan |
Konishi Shozo invented the Filmon Sound Belt (the name is a contraction of "film" and "phone") in 1937 with the goal of increasing the capacity of audio recording (Anazawa 2014, pp. 16–18). At the time, a typical 10 inch, 78 rpm record could hold about 3 minutes of sound. The groove in a Filmon belt was incised in a loop of 35 mm unperforated celluloid film. The loop was 13 meters long and the groove wrapped around it 23 times. At a playback speed of 6.2 meters per second, it could hold up to 35 minutes of audio.
Not surprisingly, the process of molding the recording was more complex than stamping a shellac or vinyl disc. It involved creating an extended metal master and attaching it to form a helix on the interior of a metal cylinder, then heating and pressing a plastic cylinder against the matrix to transfer the grooves. The helical impression on the plastic cylinder was then cut out to form a single extended strip. Its ends were brought together with the grooves aligned and the meeting point was heated. A shorter version of the matrix was applied to refine the joint, thus avoiding an audible artifact (Konishi 1938).
As many as 120 titles were recorded for sale (Ijima 2012). A rare recording of Helen Keller's voice was made during a visit to Japan in 1937 (Ijima 2011).
The Filmon was taken off the market by 1940, a failure due to material shortages in the leadup to World War II as well as the requirement for a special player incompatible with standard disc records.
Historical Development of Analog Disk Recording Technology and Artifacts Now in Existence.National Museum of Nature and Science Technology Systematization Report 21 (March 2014): 16–18. PDF.
Filmon Audio Recording of Helen Keller's during Her First Visit to Japan was Found.Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties. Aug. 2011.
A Survey of Filmon Audio Recordings in the Collection of Myogan-ji Temple.Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties. Oct. 2012.