Thomas Ross, an English lens and instrument maker, patented a projecting phenakistiscope for the magic lantern in 1869. The American example here is based on his second version patented in 1871 with an improved shutter (de Roo 2021). The picture disc and a metal shutter with a slot cut into it were rotated in opposite directions by a pulley arrangement like that often used in chromotropes. The picture disc advanced one stage of animation for every full rotation of the shutter. When placed in a magic lantern, the entire disc was projected, so all 12 moving figures were visible on the screen at once, each cycling through the different stages of the animation (Hopwood 1915, 21)(Gill 2017).